4. Cubics & Quartics

Complex roots must always come in pairs because if $\; z_1 \;$ is a root, $\; \overline z_1 \;$ is also a root.

Cubics

• 3 real roots
• 1 real root & 2 complex

Quartics

• 4 real roots
• 2 real & 2 complex
• 4 complex